Abstract Introduction Even people with normal hearing may have difficulties locating a sound source in unfavorable sound environments where competitive noise is intense. Objective To develop, describe, validate and establish the normality curve of the sound localization test. Method The sample consisted of 100 healthy subjects with normal hearing, > 18 years old,who agreed to participate in the study. The sound localization testwas applied after the subjects underwent a tonal audiometry exam. For this purpose, a calibrated free field test environment was set up. Then, 30 randompure tones were presented in 2 speakers placed at 45° (on the right and on the left sides of the subject), and the noise was presented froma 3rd speaker, placed at 180°. The noise was presented in 3 hearing situations: optimal listening condition (no noise), noise in relation to 0 dB, and noise in relation to - 10 dB. The subject was asked to point out the side where the pure tone was being perceived, even in the presence of noise. Results All of the 100 participants performed the test in an average time of 99 seconds. The average score was 21, the medium score was 23, and the standard deviation was 3.05. Conclusion The sound localization test proved to be easy to set-up and to apply. The results obtained in the validation of the test suggest that individuals with normal hearing should locate 70% of the presented stimuli. The test can constitute an important instrument in the measurement of noise interference in the ability to locate the sound.

Abstract Introduction: There is no consensus about if patients with EUS-guided drainage (EUS-GD) of pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) could be discharged the same day or if the patient must stay at least one night in hospital. The aim was to report adverse events rate in the first 24 h after the procedure of patients with PPC treated by EUS-GD. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of data obtained prospectively was conducted. Patients with PPC were included in the study. EUS-GD was using two double pigtail plastic stents (7F and 4 cm). Results: A total of 31 procedures in 29 patients with PPC were analyzed. There were 16 (55.2%) men with a mean ± SD age of 42.5 ± 14.5 years. The endoscopic drainage was performed through transgastric in 23/29 (79.3%) patients and transduodenal in 6/29 (17.2%) patients. Technical success was 100%, clinical success was 27/29 (93.1%), and three (10.3%) patients had recurrence. In total, 5/31 (16.1%) procedures have adverse events. One patient had stent migration after 24-month follow-up, two patients had infection of PPC after the punctuation (at day 4 and 5 after procedure), and two patients who bled during endoscopic drainage (one of them was successfully treated endoscopically with clips and the second required surgery). Conclusion: There is not a clear reason because patients with PPC and EUS-GD need for staying one night in hospital if was not any adverse event during the procedure.

Resumen Introducción: No hay consenso acerca de si los pacientes con pseudoquiste pancreático (PQP) con drenaje guiado por EUS (EUS-GD) podrían ser dados de alta el mismo día o si el paciente debe permanecer al menos una noche en el hospital. El objetivo fue informar la tasa de eventos adversos en las primeras 24 horas después del procedimiento. Material y métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de datos obtenidos prospectivamente. Se incluyeron pacientes con PQP. Los EUS-GD utilizaron dos endoprótesis de plástico de doble cola de cochino (7F X 4 cm). Resultados: se analizaron un total de 31 procedimientos en 29 pacientes con PQP. Se incluyeron 16 (55.2%) hombres con una media ± DE de edad 42.5 ± 14.5 años. El drenaje se realizó por vía transgástrica en 23/29 pacientes (79,3%) y transduodenal en 6/29 pacientes (17,2%). El éxito técnico fue del 100%, el éxito clínico fue de 27/29 (93,1%) y 3 (10,3%) pacientes tuvieron recurrencia. En total, 5/31 (16.1%) procedimientos tuvieron eventos adversos. Un paciente tuvo una migración del stent después de 24 meses de seguimiento, dos pacientes tuvieron una infección del PQP después de la punción (en los días 4 y 5 después del procedimiento) y dos pacientes con hemorragia durante el drenaje endoscópico (uno de ellos se trató con éxito con endoscopia con clips y el segundo requirió cirugía). En conclusión: no hay una razón clara por la cual los pacientes con EUS-GD de PQP necesitan quedarse hospitalizados si no hubo ningún evento adverso durante el procedimiento.

Resumo Introdução: Em situações ideais de escuta, indivíduos com audição normal conseguem fazer e reconhecer a fala facilmente. Porém, na presença de ruído competitivo, é comum as pessoas sentirem dificuldades de compreensão, principalmente se tiverem perda auditiva. Objetivo: Apresentar a validação do teste de reconhecimento de palavras em campo livre na presença do ruído em indivíduos adultos normo-ouvintes. Método: A amostra foi composta por 100 sujeitos hígidos, com audição normal e maiores de 18 anos. Depois da audiometria tonal foi aplicado teste de reconhecimento da fala, com monossílabos e dissílabos, em campo livre, com material padronizado, em três situações de escuta: condição ótima de audição (sem ruído), com ruído em relação de 0 dB e com ruído em relação de −10 dB. Para tanto, montou-se um ambiente de teste em campo livre calibrado, no qual a fala foi apresentada ao indivíduo em teste com duas caixas acústicas a 45° e o ruído em uma terceira a 180°. Resultados: Todos os participantes tiveram resultados de logoaudiometria em campo livre entre 88 e 100% nas três situações de escuta. Conclusão: O teste de reconhecimento de palavras em campo livre na presença do ruído mostrou-se de fácil organização e aplicação. Os resultados obtidos na validação do teste sugerem que indivíduos com audição normal devem acertar entre 88 e 100% dos estímulos apresentados. O teste pode configurar um instrumento importante na mensuração da interferência do ruído sobre as habilidades de percepção de fala.

Abstract Introduction: In ideal listening situations, subjects with normal hearing can easily understand speech, as can many subjects who have a hearing loss. Objective: To present the validation of the Word Recognition Test in a Free Field in the Presence of Noise in normal-hearing adults. Methods: Sample consisted of 100 healthy adults over 18 years of age with normal hearing. After pure tone audiometry, a speech recognition test was applied in free field condition with monosyllables and disyllables, with standardized material in three listening situations: optimal listening condition (no noise), with a signal to noise ratio of 0 dB and a signal to noise ratio of −10 dB. For these tests, an environment in calibrated free field was arranged where speech was presented to the subject being tested from two speakers located at 45°, and noise from a third speaker, located at 180°. Results: All participants had speech audiometry results in the free field between 88% and 100% in the three listening situations. Conclusion: Word Recognition Test in Free Field in the Presence of Noise proved to be easy to be organized and applied. The results of the test validation suggest that individuals with normal hearing should get between 88% and 100% of the stimuli correct. The test can be an important tool in measuring noise interference on the speech perception abilities.